How HTTPS Actually Works: The TLS Handshake, Step by Step
A developer-level walkthrough of the TLS handshake — asymmetric vs. symmetric crypto roles, the certificate chain of trust, cipher suite anatomy, the message-by-message TLS 1.2 flow, the one-round-trip TLS 1.3 redesign, forward secrecy, session resumption, and how to inspect it yourself with openssl s_client and browser devtools.